Causes of infertility can be due to problems in either the male or female.
In females, hormonal imbalances like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that affect ovulation are a common cause. Structural issues such as blocked fallopian tubes, often caused by pelvic inflammatory disease, can also prevent fertilization. In males, low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology can lead to infertility.
Treatment depends on the cause. For female hormonal issues, medications to regulate hormones and induce ovulation may be used. If there are blocked tubes, surgical procedures like laparoscopic surgery to clear the blockage can be considered. In men, lifestyle changes such as reducing alcohol and quitting smoking can improve sperm quality. Medications to boost sperm production or assisted reproductive technologies like in - vitro fertilization (IVF) are also options for some couples.
